{"title":"Robert Service","description":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Service é membro da Academia Britânica e professor de história da Rússia na Universidade de Oxford. Escritor e radialista, visita Moscou com frequência. É autor, entre outros, de \u003cem\u003eTrotski: uma biografia\u003c\/em\u003e (Editora Record) e \u003cem\u003eCamaradas: uma história do comunismo mundial\u003c\/em\u003e (Difel)\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"lenin-a-biografia-definitiva","title":"Lenin: The Definitive Biography","description":"\"\u003cp\u003e Lenin: The \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eDefinitive\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eBiography\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eprovides a comprehensive and original analysis of the life of the revolutionary socialist leader.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e Lenin is a colossal figure whose influence on 20th-century history cannot be underestimated. Robert Service has written a meticulous and definitive biography of this strangely elusive political leader. Drawing on recently declassified archives, he was able to weave together the private life and public activity of an extraordinary man.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e Lenin's childhood is examined in detail, as are his family, education, marriage, lifestyle, and habits. Ultimately, a comprehensive portrait of the personal development of the founder of the Soviet Union is achieved.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eIn Lenin: The \u003cem\u003eDefinitive\u003c\/em\u003e \u003cem\u003eBiography\u003c\/em\u003e , Service takes a fresh look at Lenin as both a political leader and a thinker. From the perspective of his career, he analyzes the October Revolution, the ideas of Marxism-Leninism, the one-party state, communist economic policy, dictatorship, and the politics of interwar Europe. And, by investigating the origins of the Soviet Union, he elucidates the nature of the state and society left by Lenin—a state and society that did not entirely disappear after the collapse of the Soviet regime in 1991.\u003c\/p\u003e \"","brand":"Totvsrj-record-dc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47159305109756,"sku":"9788501112033","price":149.9,"currency_code":"BRL","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/9197\/5420\/files\/7fe1d93626b1cdc4cbc775267b9bd5f4_284e0d15-d098-4475-8160-1364da5f6a34.jpg?v=1777633257"},{"product_id":"trotski-uma-biografia","title":"Trotsky: A Biography","description":"\"\u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eA study of one of the greatest leaders in the history of the Soviet Union.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e From the author of \u003cem\u003eLenin: The Definitive Biography\u003c\/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eComrades: A History of World Communism, Trotsky: A Biography\u003c\/em\u003e finally offers an impartial reading of Leon Trotsky: a leader who played a key role in the creation of the Soviet Union. In this masterful book, Robert Service challenges the romantic clichés that surround him, such as that of the intellectual revolutionary martyred by Stalin and that of the pure, humanitarian soul unjustly persecuted.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eTo write \u003cem\u003e*Trotsky: A Biography*\u003c\/em\u003e , Service researched previously unexplored archives in Moscow and the Hoover Institution, accessed diaries and letters, recovered newspapers and pamphlets, and used his vast knowledge of Russian history to paint a new portrait of the man, his legacy, and the world of his time. The result of so much research is a fascinating study, a must-read for those who prefer to understand the men and their ideas without ideological filters.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003e\"This book is the first full-length biography of Trotsky to be written outside Russia by an author we consider a Trotskyist. Trotsky himself wrote a vivid set of memoirs in 1930, ten years before his death. (...) But I contend that the leader was selective, evasive, and self-aggrandizing in his account, and that his followers failed to ask many uncomfortable and necessary questions about him. (...) Trotsky and his followers wrote books that gained lasting influence far beyond the perimeter of the political far left. Their highly questionable judgments were too often treated as the last word on the subject. That was what they wanted. The history of the Russian Revolution, however, deserves a more investigative approach, and this biography intends to contribute to that.\" - Robert Service\u003c\/p\u003e \"","brand":"Totvsrj-record-dc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47159340728572,"sku":"9788501108586","price":189.9,"currency_code":"BRL","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/9197\/5420\/files\/6c7a9eb59ffcf4cd074175eb442da54b.jpg?v=1777628963"},{"product_id":"box-biografias-do-comunismo","title":"Box Biographies of Communism","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eRenowned author Robert Service's box set brings together three essential biographies for understanding the rise of communism in the 20th century.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe biographies gathered in this box explore the trajectories of three figures who changed the 20th century and whose influence cannot be underestimated. Drawing on historical documents, diaries, letters, newspapers, pamphlets, personal testimonies, and previously unexplored archives from Moscow and the Hoover Institution, Robert Service used his vast knowledge of Russian history to analyze the origins of the Soviet Union through the profiles of its main figures: \u003cem\u003eLenin\u003c\/em\u003e , \u003cem\u003eStalin\u003c\/em\u003e , and \u003cem\u003eTrotsky\u003c\/em\u003e . These works examine not only the October Revolution, the ideas of Marxism, the one-party state, and communist economic policy—in an investigation of a state and society that did not entirely disappear after the collapse of the Soviet regime in 1991—but also the romantic clichés and mythologies surrounding these figures, here in their most human and credible portrayal. The result is a fascinating study, a must-read for those who prefer to understand the men and their ideas without ideological filters.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eLenin: The Definitive Biography\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e(714 pp.)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e Lenin is a colossal figure whose influence on 20th-century history cannot be underestimated. In this meticulous and definitive biography of this strangely elusive political leader, Robert Service investigates the origins of the Soviet Union and elucidates the nature of the state and society Lenin left behind.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eStalin: A Biography\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e(826 pp.)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e With a conventional image of an uneducated political administrator inexplicably transformed into a pathological killer, Stalin has a more complex and fascinating history. Without diminishing the horrors of Stalinism, this book presents an account all the more disturbing for presenting a human and credible view of Stalin—his most comprehensive and compelling portrait to date.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eTrotsky: A Biography\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e(770 pp.)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThis book is the first full-length biography of Trotsky to be written outside of Russia by a non-Trotskyist. It offers an impartial reading of Leon Trotsky, a leader who played a key role in the creation of the Soviet Union. With an investigative approach, Robert Service challenges the romantic clichés that surround him, such as that of the intellectual revolutionary martyred by Stalin and that of the pure, humanitarian soul unjustly persecuted. The result is a masterful book.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Totvsrj-record-dc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47159437623548,"sku":"9788501306135","price":399.9,"currency_code":"BRL","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/9197\/5420\/files\/5b018cff1771113a65358ac56b64ba04_2a70a8ae-563f-4d43-b888-0e89c8012384.jpg?v=1777632517"},{"product_id":"stalin-uma-biografia","title":"Stalin: A Biography","description":"\"\u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003ePresenting a human and credible vision of the Soviet dictator, \u003cem\u003eStalin: A Biography\u003c\/em\u003e composes his most fascinating and complete portrait with never-before-seen details of his life and history.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e In \u003cem\u003eStalin: A Bryography\u003c\/em\u003e , Robert Service, author of the acclaimed \u003cem\u003eLenin: The Definitive Biography\u003c\/em\u003e , \u003cem\u003eComrades: A History of World Communism\u003c\/em\u003e , and \u003cem\u003eTrotsky: A Biography\u003c\/em\u003e , all published in Brazil by Grupo Editorial Record, dispels the conventional image of Stalin as an uneducated political administrator who inexplicably transformed into a pathological killer and reveals a more complex and fascinating story behind this central figure for understanding the 20th century. Drawing on previously unexplored archives—available after the collapse of the former Soviet Union—and personal testimonies collected throughout Russia and Stalin's native Georgia, this is the most comprehensive biography of the Soviet dictator.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eRobert Service describes in unprecedented detail the first half of Stalin's life—his childhood as the son of a violent, drunken father and a devoted mother, his religious education and training, and his political activity as a young revolutionary. Far from being a mere messenger of Lenin, Stalin was a prominent activist long before the Russian Revolution. Equally compelling is his portrayal of Stalin as a great leader of the Soviet government. The author recasts the image of an unfettered despot: his control was not unlimited, just as his conviction that he was surrounded by enemies was not entirely unfounded.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eStalin was not only a vengeful dictator, but also a man fascinated by ideas and a voracious reader of Marxist doctrine and Russian and Georgian literature, as well as an internationalist committed to seeing Russia assume a prominent role on the world stage. By examining Stalin's multidimensional legacy, Service helps explain why later reformers—like Khrushchev and Gorbachev—found the Stalinist legacy surprisingly difficult to overcome.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eStalin: A Biography\u003c\/em\u003e does not diminish the horrors of Stalinism; it presents an account all the more disturbing for presenting a human and credible view of Stalin—his most comprehensive and compelling portrait to date.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eAfter Lenin's death in 1924, many were surprised when Stalin emerged victorious from the intra-party conflict. At the end of the decade, he rejected the party's reluctant compromises to survive in the former Russian Empire after the Civil War. He led the Soviet Union toward industrialization. Millions of peasants died when agriculture was collectivized. The labor camp network expanded, and his despotism grew with the Great Terror of the late 1930s. Hitler's Operation Barbarossa against the Soviet Union in 1941 took him disastrously by surprise. However, the Red Army fought on and, with Stalin as supreme commander, defeated the Wehrmacht. After World War II, the USSR secured its dominance in the eastern half of Europe. For better or worse, Stalin's reputation reached its peak. When he died in 1953, he was mourned by millions of citizens with every reason to detest his policies and himself. He left the Soviet Union as a world power and an industrial colossus endowed with a literate society. He bequeathed institutions of terror and indoctrination whose reach had few rivals. After his death, the history of the USSR consisted primarily of a series of attempts to preserve, modify, or liquidate his legacy. \u003c\/p\u003e\"","brand":"Totvsrj-record-dc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47174500385020,"sku":"9786555871876","price":199.9,"currency_code":"BRL","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/9197\/5420\/files\/061aa9a3ddfb13e7345c83f559c07552_5ee88088-1a14-4e15-a4ee-e3c8b354c4d5.jpg?v=1777632376"},{"product_id":"camaradas-uma-historia-do-comunismo-mundial","title":"Comrades: A History of World Communism","description":"\"\u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eFrom the author of \u003cem\u003eLenin: The Definitive Biography\u003c\/em\u003e , The Organization and Ideology of World Communism\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e In \u003cem\u003e\"Comrades\u003c\/em\u003e ,\" Robert Service begins his critical analysis with Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin, moving on to Mao Zedong, Fidel Castro, and several other protagonists of decisive world events, offering the reader a comprehensive overview of the history of global communism. Not limiting himself to discussing the politics of the upper echelons of power within these regimes, Service also presents the social conditions that led millions of people to support communism in many countries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eSubsequently, by carrying out an accurate investigation into long-lasting regimes (such as that of the former Yugoslavia and Cuba) and addressing the failure of some communist revolutions (such as that of Hungary in 1919 and that of the ineffective communist parties in the United States), his critical study scrutinizes the international connections that connect hundreds of organizations to the present day.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e More than two decades after the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, Robert Service undertakes the task of examining this economic and sociopolitical doctrine. Drawing on rich and reliable sources, including new documents, the author presents us with a humanized perspective on the subject, as well as a critical overview of the global communist phenomenon.\u003c\/p\u003e \"","brand":"Totvsrj-record-dc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47176313635068,"sku":"9788574321394","price":149.9,"currency_code":"BRL","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/9197\/5420\/files\/48001c27b52dee470195c0f089b1067d_931726f7-1cb4-4866-a82e-17341de945a6.jpg?v=1777631153"},{"product_id":"o-ultimo-tsar-nicolau-ii-a-revolucao-russa-e-o-fim-da-dinastia-romanov","title":"The Last Tsar: Nicholas II, the Russian Revolution, and the End of the Romanov Dynasty","description":"A surprising and unsentimental account of the life of Nicholas II, from his abdication in March 1917 to his execution\n\n Nicholas II, who came to power in 1894, was unprepared to govern. His lack of political training meant that the shy man's life and decisions were influenced primarily by his wife, Empress Alexandra, and he ultimately plunged Russia into World War I. The country was unprepared to enter the conflict, and discontent grew with food shortages and military losses.\n In March 1917, Nicholas was forced to abdicate the throne due to the revolution that broke out in the streets of Petrograd, putting an end to three centuries of imperial Russia. For the next sixteen months, he was detained first in Tsarskoye Selo, then in Tobolsk, and finally in Yekaterinburg, where he would be assassinated along with his family in July 1918.   \nThe Last Tsar offers a new perspective on the reign of Nicholas II, revealing the kind of ruler he believed himself to be—contrary to the disastrous reality—and how he ended up a victim of personal tragedy in a nation where he played a significant role. It is also an account of the social, economic, and political development of pre-Revolutionary Russia, the Bolshevik seizure of power in October 1917, and the beginnings of Lenin's Soviet Republic.","brand":"Totvsrj-record-dc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47176994521340,"sku":"9788574321493","price":89.9,"currency_code":"BRL","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/9197\/5420\/files\/39b7fb0640675bc01a02b06baef94273_d6b950ee-d3cc-4736-a226-fdd4ecb37171.jpg?v=1777624868"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.record.com.br\/en\/collections\/robert-service.oembed","provider":"Editora Record","version":"1.0","type":"link"}